什么情況下，孩子會主動學習，熱愛學習？
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So under what circumstances does a child actively learn and love learning?
聽到過很多家長說類似的話：“求學求學，現在不是孩子求學，是我求著孩子學！”確實，現在很多孩子不愛學習、不想學習，家長用盡渾身解數求著孩子學習。明明學習是孩子自己的事情，可到最后他卻滿腹委屈，甚至覺得會埋怨父母。
I"ve heard many parents say something similar: "Talking about study, now it"s not my children who wantto school, but I beg my children to learn!" Indeed, many children don"t like or want to study now, and parents try their best to beg their children to learn. Clearly, learning is the child"s own business, but in the end, he is full of grievances and even feels that he will blame his parents.
從孩子的視角出發，他們認為是父母“要我學”，而不是“我要學”。他們的學習完全是被動而不是主動的，這就是孩子缺乏學習內驅力的典型表現。
From the perspective of children, they think that parents "want me to learn", not "I will learn". Their learning is completely passive rather than active, which is typical manifestationof the lack of learning motivation.
喚醒孩子內驅力要想轉變孩子對學習的態度，我們首先應該明確，如果沒有喚醒孩子的內驅力，就算做得再多都是越俎代庖。那如何喚醒孩子的內驅力？如何給予孩子發展內驅力的沃土？下面上海美達菲德育校長對于學生學習動力不足原因進行了詳細分析，并給出了解決方法，家長一定要讀完哦~
If we want to change children"s attitude towards learning, we should first make it clear that if we do not awaken children"s internal motivation, no matter how much we do, we will OVERreach them. So how do you awaken your child"s inner motivation? How to give children fertile ground to develop drive? The following is a detailed analysis of the reasons for students" lack of motivation to learnby the principal of Shanghai Meidefai Moral Education, and gives the solution. Parents please make sure to read all of them.01“并非不想學，而是看不到希望”根源：不了解自身潛能優勢此類同學看不到自己有多大希望，表面在學，心中卻在放棄的邊緣。根源在于對自己能力的評價往往不夠客觀，僅僅因為一兩次的失敗就全盤否定自己的能力，在逆境中的抗挫折能力低，有些人甚至對自己絕望。這類同學需要全面充分的了解自己的潛能優勢。
Suchstudents can"t see how much hope they have.They are learning on the surface, but they are on the verge of giving up in their hearts. The root cause is that the evaluation of their own ability is often not objective enough.just because of one or two failures,one totally denies one"s ability, and the ability to resist setbacks in adversity is low. Some people even despair of themselves. This kind of students need to understand their potential advantagesfully.
02“并非不想學，而是不知道為何而學”根源：目標不明確此類同學不知道學習的真正目的是什么，多數是為父母、為老師、為考上好大學而學，對自己未來的發展沒有清晰思路和方向，只是隨波逐流。因此，這類同學需要明確目標，需要別人幫助其專業定位，給他看得見的未來，才能重新喚起學習動力！These students do not know what the real purpose of learning is.most of them study for their parents, teachers, and being admitted to a good university. Without a clear idea and direction for their future development, they just go with the flow. Therefore, this kind of students need to have a clear goal, need others to help them to locate their professional orientation, and give them a visible future, so as to arouse their learning motivation again!為了讓學生正確選擇適合自己的專業和升學方向，上海美達菲學校為學生安排了詳細、周密的1對1升學規劃服務，自學生入學第一天開始，就有老師為他們建立個人檔案，給學生制定最符合他們興趣和發展需求的個性化升學方案。In order toenable the students to choose to suit their own professional and entrance direction correctly, Shanghai MacDuffie schools has arrangedthe detailed and thorough 1 to 1 student planning services since the first day of students" enrollment. There are teachers establishingtheir personal files, workingout personalized further study programs for studentsthat best meet their interests and development needs.
03“并非不想學，而是不會學”根源：學習技能低此類同學的學習技能發展滯后，學習方法不得當，學習任務經常完不成，容易陷入書山題海，產生知識漏洞。
Such students lag in thelearning skills,theirlearning methods are inappropriate,theirlearning tasks often cannot be completed,and they areeasy to fall into a mountain of questions, resulting in knowledge loopholes.
這類同學急需提升：學業目標管理能力、時間管理能力、課堂學習效率、各學科學習技巧等學習技能。
These students need to improve their learning skills, such as academic goal management ability, time management ability, classroom learning efficiency, and learning skills in various subjects.
04“并非不想學，而是學不會”根源：認知能力低此類同學盡管在學習上付出很多努力，但收獲甚微，還會嚴重影響其學習積極性，并且這類問題不容易被發現，無論是學生自己，還是教師。
Although such students put a lot of effort in learning, buttheygainlittle, which will affect their learning enthusiasmseriously. Moreover, this kind of problem is not easy to be found, whether it is the students themselves or the teachers.
這類同學需要進一步提升：與學習有關的基礎認知能力，如記憶能力、思維轉換能力、邏輯推理能力等。
Such students need to further improve their basic cognitive abilities related to learning, such as memory ability, thinking conversion ability, logical reasoning ability and so on.
05“并非不想學，而是沒法學”根源：情緒不穩定這些同學容易受周圍環境、人際交往等因素影響，從而無法安心學習。比如常見的考試焦慮、失眠、注意力不集中、堅持性差、厭學等。
Such students are easy to be affected by the surrounding environment, interpersonal communication and other factors, so that they cannot study with peace of mind. For example, common test anxiety, insomnia, inattention, poor persistence, weariness, etc.
那么，如何才能激發學生學習的內在動力呢？我們認為可以從這幾個方面進行一些嘗試。
So, how can we stimulate students" inner motivation to learn? I think we can make some attempts from these aspects.
01承認差異，發現孩子的潛力所在
有些家長、老師喜歡對比，常常會說“你看誰誰成績多好”、“人家學得多快，你呢？”、“看看人家多聰明，一點就會”... ....這些話語，在孩子聽來，我天生就比別人笨，這樣孩子慢慢就形成“我比別人笨”的心理定勢，甚至產生抵觸情緒。
Some parents, teachers like comparison, and they often say"you see whogetsscores better", How fast others learn, how about you?" "Look at how smarttheyare, they can do itwith a little guidance" ...These words, in the childears,” I was bornmorestupid than others”, so that children gradually formed the psychological stereotype of "I am stupid than others", and even generated resistance.切記不要攀比與橫向對比，要以孩子的實際情況為基礎。孩子現在能跳1.2米，那1.3米就是比較合適的目標，千萬不要因為別的學生都能跳1.5米了，就要求他（她）一定也要跳那么高?？梢試L試縱向比，指定合適的發展預期目標，每天前進一小步，成就感就會多，自信和潛力也就被激發出來了。
Remember not to Compare, but to base on the actual situation of children.To the child who can jump 1.2 meters now, 1.3 meters is a appropriate target. Do not ask him (her) to jump so high because other students can jump 1.5 meters. You can try the vertical ratio, specify the appropriate expected development goals, encourage him (her) to take a small step forward every day, him (her) will have more sense of accomplishment, thenhis or herself-confidence and potential will be stimulated.家長和老師要善于發現學生的特點和長處。人有差異性，要承認差異，要了解學生是什么方面更有潛力，更有優勢。不要只是為了面子逼著學生讀書，在壓力下讀書是做不好的。Parents and teachers should be good at finding students" characteristics and strengths. People are different,so we should recognize theirdifferences, andunderstand on which parts students have more potential, more advantages. Don"t force students to study just for the sake of face. It is not good to study under pressure.為了讓學生充分發揮自己的優勢，我們學校非常注重對優秀學生的個性化培養，專門成立了牛劍班、AP精英班、美國直升班三個特色班級，對于那些想要考取世界名校的學生，采取了更加靈活的教學手段和方法，利用小班化、VIP教學，充分保證學生發揮他們的學科優勢、挖掘他們的潛力，最終考取自己心中的理想大學。In order to makestudents give full play to their advantages, our school attaches great importance to the individualized cultivation of outstanding students, and has specially set up three characteristic classes, namely, Ox-Camb Class, AP Elite Class and American Direct promotionclass. For students who want to be admitted tothe world famous universities, we have adopted more flexible teaching means and methods, making use of small classesand VIP classesto fully ensure that students give full play to their academic advantages and tap their potential, and get into their ideal universitiesfinally.02別把學生當成裝知識的箱子
到底什么樣的學生是好學生？是不是只有100分的是好學生？如果學生為人很好，動手能力很強，常愛提問題，那也是好學生。要尋找、激發學生的優勢項目，在這方面多鼓勵學生。What kind of students are good students? Are those with only 100 points good students?If a student is nice, has strong hands-on ability and always asks questions, he or she is also a good student. We should find and stimulate students" advantageous projects, and encourage students in this respect.我們要想明白，你是要培養一個裝知識的“箱子”，還是要培養一個完整的人？或者說，你希望學生是知識型的還是智慧型的？We have to figure out, are you going to cultivate a box containingknowledge, or a perfect person? Or do you want students to beknowledge-based or intelligent?如果是要培養智慧型的學生，就少一些灌輸，鼓勵學生多問幾個為什么，對學生的問題千萬不要回避，甚至學生不問，你還要啟發他問。If you want to cultivate intelligent students, you should instill less, encourage students to ask more questions about why, and never shy away from students" questions. Even if students don"t ask, you should inspire them to ask.02讓學生體驗成就感
我個人覺得，家長和老師要在培養孩子自信自強這方面要有意識地作為。
Personally, I think parents and teachers should make conscious efforts to cultivate children to be confident and self-reliant.莫言為什么會喜歡寫作？他自己回憶說，就因為小學三年級的語文老師很喜歡他，把他的文章當做范文在全班學生面前讀。從那之后他的自信心越來越足，走上了作家之路。Why does Mo Yan like writing? He recalled thatbecause the Chinese teacher in grade three liked him very much, he read his article as a model essay in front of the whole class. Since then, his self-confidence has grown stronger and stronger, and he has embarked on the road of being a writer.其實我們很多人都有過類似的經歷。這給我們一個啟示：學生要鼓勵，要給他成功的體驗，培養孩子的成就感。有成就感才會有興趣。Many of us have had similar experiences. This gives us a revelation: students should be encouragedto havesuccessful experience, so thatchildren"s sense of accomplishmentwill be cultivated. You will be interested only if you have a sense of accomplishment.家長方面，培養孩子的自信心還有一點可以做，就是讓孩子做家務，自己的事情自己做。As for parents, there is anotherthing that can be done to cultivate children"s self-confidence, that is, let children do housework and do their own things.
04要為孩子解決具體問題對學生來說，只有鼓勵是不夠的。在孩子遇到困難時，如果家長或老師只是在旁邊說“我相信你”“你一定可以的”也意義不大，要幫助孩子解決一些具體的問題。Encouragement alone is not enough for students. When the child is in trouble, if the parents or teachers just say "I believe you" and "you must be able to", whichdoesn"t mean much to help the child solve some specific problems. We need help the child solve some specific problems.可以用“限題計時”提高效率，譬如每做對5題的時間記錄比較，或者“限時計數”的辦法，給他10分鐘看他做對幾道題。這方法同樣適用于抄寫詞匯等作業。You can improve the efficiency by "timed questions", for example, record the time of every five questions doingcorrectly, or by "timed counting"by givinghim 10 minutes to see how many questions he does correctly. This methodsare also suitable for copying vocabulary and other homework.這樣把一個比較困難的大任務分解成若干個小任務，化難為易、化繁為簡，是幫助孩子克服畏難情緒，體驗成功、提升自信心和興趣的有效方法。It is an effective way to help children overcome their fear of difficulties, experience success, and enhance their self-confidence and interest by breaking down such a difficult task into several small tasks, making it easy and simple.05給孩子樹立榜樣一個人的成長需要三條途徑：自我學習，同伴合作，專家引領。自我學習和同伴合作剛才已經談到了，“專家引領”的這個“專家”對孩子來說，包括家長和教師。A person"s growth needs three ways: self-study, peer cooperation and expert guidance. Self-learning and peer cooperation have just been talked about. This "expert" in “led by an expert” , for children, includesparents and teachers.最好在孩子學習時，家長不是跑去看電視、打麻將、跳舞，也不是站在門口看孩子是否在寫作業，而是坐在孩子身邊一起看書學習。It is better when the child is studying, parents do not goto watch TV, play mahjong, dance, nor stand at the door to see if the child is doing homework, but sit beside the child to read and study together.現在流行一句話：一流的家長做榜樣，二流的家長做教練，三流的家長做保姆。Now there is a popular saying: First-rate parents should be role models, second-rate parents should be coaches and third-rate parents should be nannies.研究發現學生當中凡是發展的比較全面的，有自己想法的，都是家庭比較民主平等的，家長和孩子是討論式的、啟發式的，不是灌輸式的、壓制式的。家長有什么事情會和孩子討論，家長是作為孩子良師益友，陪伴孩子一起成長。這樣的家庭氛圍起到的作用是潛移默化的。同樣上海美達菲老師，在日常教育教學中與學生一起互動互助，充分尊重學生天性，真正做到教學相長，尊重學生的個性差異，以良好的道德示范做學生健康成長的指導者和引路人。The study found that students who are well-developedandhave their own ideas,live in more democratic and equal family. Parents and children are discussion, heuristic, not indoctrinationand repression. Parents will discuss things with their children. Parents are good teachers and friends of their children, and they will accompany their children to grow up together. This kind of family atmosphere plays a subtle role. In the same way, Shanghai MacDuffy teachers interact with students and help each other in daily education and teaching, fully respect students" nature, learns from each other in teaching, respects students" individual differences, and act as a guide and guide for students" healthy growth with good moral demonstration.
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